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Canker sores (also known as aphthous ulcers) are small lesions that appear on the lips, tongue, or inside the mouth. They may appear singly or in clusters and tend to recur frequently.

They are a common oral condition and are not associated with other symptoms. While harmless, canker sores can be quite painful. The exact cause is not fully understood, but several predisposing factors are believed to play a role, such as:

• Immune system disorders

• Hormonal fluctuations

• Genetic predisposition

• Food allergies or sensitivity to certain chemical substances (e.g., ingredients found in some toothpastes)

• Stress

• Local trauma (e.g., irritation from a denture)

How Are Canker Sores Treated?

There is no specific medication that cures canker sores. The discomfort usually decreases gradually and the sores typically heal on their own within 1–2 weeks. Pain relief medications may help manage the symptoms.

There are also topical treatments available in the form of gels or patches that are applied directly to the sore. These can provide good relief from symptoms and help prevent further irritation.

It is helpful to identify and eliminate any underlying causes, such as adjusting a poorly fitting denture or avoiding a particular food that may be triggering the condition.

Acidic or spicy foods and chewing gum can worsen irritation and delay healing, so they should be avoided during flare-ups.

You Should See a Dentist If:

• The sores are unusually large

• They have not healed after three weeks

• Swallowing becomes difficult or there's a risk of dehydration

• You experience fever or persistent pain despite taking pain relievers

• There is fatigue or swelling in the lymph nodes